1.      Definisi Penerjemahan

Seperti halnya ilmu-ilmu lain, di dalam bidang penerjemahan ditemukan banyak definisi. Berbagai definisi tersebut mencerminkan pandangan ahli yang membuat definsi tentang hakikat terjemahan dan proses penerjemahan.

Definisi pertama berasal dari Catford. Ia menulis:

(Translation is) the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language (Catford, 1965:20).

Mungkin Anda sedikit bertanya-tanya karena di dalam definisi tersebut tidak ditemukan konsep tentang makna. Sementara, secara garis besar terjemahan tidak bisa dipisahkan dari persoalan makna atau gagasan.

Ungkapan tentang hakikat penerjemahan yang menyentuh konsep makna diungkapkan oleh Savory (1968):

Translation is made possible by an equivalent of thought that lies behind its different verbal expressions.

Savory tidak lebih jauh lagi menyebut hal-hal yang operasional atau terkait dengan proses.

Proses penerjemahan disajikan secara lebih jelas oleh Nida dan Taber (1969). Mereka menyatakan:

Translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.

Dalam bukunya Translation: Applications and Research, Brislin (1976) memberi batasan yang luas pada istilah penerjemahan. Bagi dia penerjemahan adalah pengalihan buah pikiran atau gagasan dari satu bahasa ke dalam bahasa lain. Kedua bahasa ini bisa serumpun, seperti bahasa Sunda dan Jawa, bisa dari lain rumpun, seperti bahasa Inggris dan Indonesia, atau bahkan bahasa yang sama tetapi dipakai pada kurun waktu yang berbeda, misalnya bahasa Jawa zaman Majapahit dan bahasa Jawa masa sekarang. Hanya saying dalam definisi ini tidak tersirat proses penerjamahan dan kriteria terjemahan yang baik.

As with the other studies in the field translator found many definitions. These various definitions reflect the views of experts who made definitions about the nature of translate and the tranlations process.

First the definition is dating from Catford. He wrote

Terjemahan adalah penggantian dari materi text dalam satu bahasa

FULL TRANSLATION

As well as other sciences, in the field of translations many found definitions. These various definitions reflect the views of experts who make definitions of the nature of translation and translation process.
first definition came from Catford. He wrote.
"(Translation is) the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language (Catford, 1965:20)."

Maybe you are little wonder because in the definition of the concept of the meaning is not found. While, an outline of translation can not be separated from the question of the meaning or idea. Expression of the nature of translation that touches the concept of meaning expressed by Savory (1968):
Translation is made possible by an equivalent of thought that lies behind its different verbal expressions.
Savory not further more mentions matters related operational or process.

The process of translation is presented more clearly by Nida and Taber (1969). They claim :
Translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.

In her book Translation : Applications and Research, Brislin (1976) gave broad limits on the terms of translation. For her translation is the transfer of thoughts or ideas from one language into another language. Both of these languages can be cognate , such as Sundanese and Javanese, could be from other cognate, like an English and Indonesian or even the same language but used during the different time period, for example the Javanese Majapahit era and the present time. Unfornutately this definition is not implied in the translation process and the criteria for a good translation